Engineering Chemistry

CY3151

ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

• To inculcate sound understanding of water quality parameters and water treatment techniques.

• To impart knowledge on the basic principles and preparatory methods of nanomaterials.

• To introduce the basic concepts and applications of phase rule and composites.

• To facilitate the understanding of different types of fuels, their preparation, properties and combustion characteristics.

• To familiarize the students with the operating principles, working processes and applications of energy conversion and storage devices.

UNIT I

WATER AND ITS TREATMENT

Water: Sources and impurities, Water quality parameters: Definition and significance of-color, odour, turbidity, pH, hardness, alkalinity, TDS, COD and BOD, flouride and arsenic. Municipal water treatment: primary treatment and disinfection (UV, Ozonation, break-point chlorination). Desalination of brackish water: Reverse Osmosis. Boiler troubles: Scale and sludge, Boiler corrosion, Caustic embrittlement, Priming &foaming. Treatment of boiler feed water: Internal treatment (phosphate, colloidal, sodium aluminate and calgon conditioning) and External treatment - Ion exchange demineralization and zeolite process.

UNIT II

NANOCHEMISTRY

Basics: Distinction between molecules, nanomaterials and bulk materials; Size-dependent properties (optical, electrical, mechanical and magnetic); Types of nanomaterials: Definition, properties and uses of - nanoparticle, nanocluster, nanorod, nanowire and nanotube. Preparation of nanomaterials: sol-gel, solvothermal, laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition, electrochemical deposition and electro spinning. Applications of nanomaterials in medicine, agriculture, energy, electronics and catalysis.

UNIT III

PHASE RULE AND COMPOSITES

Phase rule: Introduction, definition of terms with examples. One component system - water system; Reduced phase rule; Construction of a simple eutectic phase diagram - Thermal analysis; Two component system: lead-silver system - Pattinson process.

Composites: Introduction: Definition & Need for composites; Constitution: Matrix materials (Polymer matrix, metal matrix and ceramic matrix) and Reinforcement (fiber, particulates, flakes and whiskers). Properties and applications of: Metal matrix composites (MMC), Ceramic matrix composites and Polymer matrix composites. Hybrid composites - definition and examples.

UNIT IV

FUELS AND COMBUSTION

Fuels: Introduction: Classification of fuels; Coal and coke: Analysis of coal (proximate and ultimate), Carbonization, Manufacture of metallurgical coke (Otto Hoffmann method). Petroleum and Diesel: Manufacture of synthetic petrol (Bergius process), Knocking - octane number, diesel oil - cetane number; Power alcohol and biodiesel. Combustion of fuels: Introduction: Calorific value higher and lower calorific values, Theoretical calculation of calorific value; Ignition temperature: spontaneous ignition temperature, Explosive range; Flue gas analysis - ORSAT Method. CO2 emission and carbon foot print.

UNIT V

ENERGY SOURCES AND STORAGE DEVICES

Stability of nucleus: mass defect (problems), binding energy; Nuclear energy: light water nuclear power plant, breeder reactor. Solar energy conversion: Principle, working and applications of solar cells; Recent developments in solar cell materials. Wind energy; Geothermal energy; Batteries: Types of batteries, Primary battery - dry cell, Secondary battery - lead acid battery and lithium-ion-battery; Electric vehicles - working principles; Fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, microbial fuel cell; Supercapacitors: Storage principle, types and examples.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, the students will be able?

• To infer the quality of water from quality parameter data and propose suitable treatment methodologies to treat water.

• To identify and apply basic concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnology in designing the synthesis of nanomaterials for engineering and technology applications.

• To apply the knowledge of phase rule and composites for material selection requirements.

• To recommend suitable fuels for engineering processes and applications.

• To recognize different forms of energy resources and apply them for suitable applications in energy sectors.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. P. C. Jain and Monica Jain, "Engineering Chemistry", 17th Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2018.

2. Sivasankar B., "Engineering Chemistry", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.

3. S.S. Dara, "A Text book of Engineering Chemistry", S. Chand Publishing, 12th Edition, 2018.

REFERENCES:

1. B. S. Murty, P. Shankar, Baldev Raj, B. B. Rath and James Murday, "Text book of nanoscience and nanotechnology", Universities Press-IIM Series in Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2018.

2. O.G. Palanna, "Engineering Chemistry" McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2nd Edition, 2017.

3. Friedrich Emich, "Engineering Chemistry", Scientific International PVT, LTD, New Delhi, 2014.

4. ShikhaAgarwal, "Engineering Chemistry-Fundamentals and Applications", Cambridge University Press, Delhi, Second Edition, 2019.

5. O.V. Roussak and H.D. Gesser, Applied Chemistry-A Text Book for Engineers and Technologists, Springer Science Business Media, New York, 2nd Edition, 2013.