Hydrology and Irrigation Engineering

CE3702

HYDROLOGY AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVES

• To introduce the concepts of hydrological processes, hydrological extremes and groundwater and hence to develop the habit of conservation and management of water resources.

•  To expose the students to the principles of irrigation, concept of available water, storage and diversion structures, and canal irrigation, so that they understand the necessity of irrigation which aims at providing water at the right quantity, at the right place and at the right time.

UNIT I

PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF

Hydrological cycle - Types of precipitation - Rain gauges - Spatial analysis of rainfall data using Thiessen polygon and Isohyetal methods - Interception - Evaporation: Measurement and evaporation suppression - Infiltration: Horton's equation, Infiltration indices Watershed characteristics - Runoff estimation using empirical methods - Hydrograph - Unit Hydrograph - Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph.

UNIT II

IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES AND CROP WATER REQUIREMENT

Need for irrigation - Physical properties of soil that influence soil moisture characteristics - Concept of soil water potential - Concept of available water - Measurement of soil moisture content - Crops and crop seasons in India - Duty, Delta, Base Period - Consumptive water requirement - Irrigation efficiencies - Consumptive use of water - Irrigation scheduling - Irrigation water quality.

UNIT III

FLOOD, DROUGHT, RESERVOIRS AND IRRIGATION STRUCTURES

Flood estimation - Frequency analysis - Flood management - Droughts: Meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts - IMD method - NDVI analysis - Classification of reservoirs - Elevation- Area-Capacity curve - Storage estimation - Life of reservoirs - Head works and its components - Spillways Forces acting on a gravity dam.

UNIT IV

CANAL IRRIGATION AND METHODS OF IRRIGATION

Classification of canals - Design of canals - Regime theories - Canal Head works - Canal regulators - Canal drops - Cross drainage works - Canal Outlets - Canal Escapes - Lining and maintenance of canals - Methods of Irrigation: Surface, Subsurface and Micro irrigation.

UNIT V

GROUNDWATER AND IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT

Origin of groundwater - Classification and types - Properties of aquifers - Darcy's law - Governing equations Artificial recharge - RWH in rural and urban areas - Irrigation modernization Rehabilitation - Command Area Development - Participatory Irrigation Management - Water Users' Association Economic aspects of irrigation.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On completion of the course, the student is expected to:

CO1 Define and list out the key drivers of hydrological processes and their integrated behaviour in catchments. Apply the knowledge of hydrological processes to address basin characteristics, runoff and hydrograph.

CO2 Describe the soil-water-plant characteristics, measurement soil moisture, estimation of crop water and hence to perform irrigation scheduling.

CO3 Explain the concept of flood, drought and reservoirs; to understand and explain the hydraulic structures.

CO4 Draw the components of irrigation canal network, to design the canal and to familiarize with the different irrigation methods.

CO5 Apply the concepts of groundwater for water resources management; explain the concepts of irrigation water management from the bottom-up approach.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Subramanya .K. "Engineering Hydrology", 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2020.

2. Jayarami Reddy .P. "Hydrology", 3rd Edition, Laxmi Publications, 2016.

3. Sharma, R.K., and Sharma, T.K., "Irrigation Engineering", S. Chand and Company, New Delhi, 2008.

4. Garg, S.K., "Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures," Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2019.

REFERENCES:

1. Ven Te Chow, Maidment, D.R. and Mays, L.W. "Applied Hydrology", McGraw Hill, 2013.

2. David Keith Todd and Larry W. Mays, "Groundwater Hydrology", 3rd Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

3. Raghunath .H.M., "Hydrology: Principles, Analysis, Design", New Age International Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2015.

4. Arora, K.R., "Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resources Engineering", Standard P&D, New Delhi, 2018.

5. Dilip Kumar Majumdar, "Irrigation Water Management: Principles and Practice", 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2014.

6. Punmia, B.C., Pande B. B. Lal, "Irrigation and Water Power Engineering", Laxmi Publishers, 17th Edition, New Delhi, 2021.