Compiler Design

CS3501    

COMPILER DESIGN       

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

•        To learn the various phases of compiler.

•        To learn the various parsing techniques.

•        To understand intermediate code generation and run-time environment.

•        To learn to implement the front-end of the compiler.

•        To learn to implement code generator.

•        To learn to implement code optimization.

UNIT I       INTRODUCTION TO COMPILERS & LEXICAL ANALYSIS

Introduction- Translators- Compilation and Interpretation- Language processors -The Phases of Compiler – Lexical Analysis – Role of Lexical Analyzer – Input Buffering – Specification of Tokens –     Recognition of Tokens – Finite Automata – Regular Expressions to Automata NFA, DFA – Minimizing DFA - Language for Specifying Lexical Analyzers – Lex tool.

UNIT II     SYNTAX ANALYSIS

Role of Parser – Grammars – Context-free grammars – Writing a grammar Top Down Parsing - General Strategies - Recursive Descent Parser Predictive Parser-LL(1) - Parser-Shift Reduce Parser-LR Parser- LR (0)Item Construction of SLR Parsing Table - Introduction to LALR Parser - Error Handling and Recovery in Syntax Analyzer-YACC tool - Design of a syntax Analyzer for a Sample Language

UNIT III    SYNTAX DIRECTED TRANSLATION & INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION

Syntax directed Definitions-Construction of Syntax Tree-Bottom-up Evaluation of S-Attribute Definitions- Design of predictive translator - Type Systems-Specification of a simple type Checker- Equivalence of Type Expressions-Type Conversions. Intermediate Languages: Syntax Tree, Three Address Code, Types and Declarations, Translation of Expressions, Type Checking, Back patching.

UNIT IV    RUN-TIME ENVIRONMENT AND CODE GENERATION         

Runtime Environments – source language issues – Storage organization – Storage Allocation Strategies: Static, Stack and Heap allocation - Parameter Passing-Symbol Tables - Dynamic Storage Allocation - Issues in the Design of a code generator – Basic Blocks and Flow graphs - Design of a simple Code Generator - Optimal Code Generation for Expressions– Dynamic Programming Code Generation.

UNIT V     CODE OPTIMIZATION   

Principal Sources of Optimization – Peep-hole optimization - DAG- Optimization of Basic Blocks - Global Data Flow Analysis - Efficient Data Flow Algorithm – Recent trends in Compiler Design.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1.       Using the LEX tool, Develop a lexical analyzer to recognize a few patterns in C. (Ex. identifiers, constants, comments, operators etc.). Create a symbol table, while recognizing identifiers.

2.       Implement a Lexical Analyzer using LEX Tool

3.       Generate YACC specification for a few syntactic categories.

a.       Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression that uses operator +, -, * and /.

b.       Program to recognize a valid variable which starts with a letter followed by any number of letters or digits.

c.       Program to recognize a valid control structures syntax of C language (For loop, while loop, if-else, if-else-if, switch-case, etc.).

d.       Implementation of calculator using LEX and YACC

4.       Generate three address code for a simple program using LEX and YACC.

5.       Implement type checking using Lex and Yacc.

6.       Implement simple code optimization techniques (Constant folding, Strength reduction and Algebraic transformation)

7.       Implement back-end of the compiler for which the three address code is given as input and the 8086 assembly language code is produced as output.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On Completion of the course, the students should be able to:

CO1:Understand the techniques in different phases of a compiler.

CO2:Design a lexical analyser for a sample language and learn to use the LEX tool.

CO3:Apply different parsing algorithms to develop a parser and learn to use YACC tool

CO4:Understand semantics rules (SDT), intermediate code generation and run-time environment.

CO5:Implement code generation and apply code optimization techniques.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Alfred V. Aho, Monica S. Lam, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman, “Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.

REFERENCES

1.       Randy Allen, Ken Kennedy, Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures: A Dependence based Approach, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.

2.       Steven S. Muchnick, Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation‖, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers - Elsevier Science, India, Indian Reprint 2003.

3.       Keith D Cooper and Linda Torczon, Engineering a Compiler‖, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Elsevier Science, 2004.

4.       V. Raghavan, Principles of Compiler Design‖, Tata McGraw Hill Education Publishers, 2010.

5.       Allen I. Holub, Compiler Design in C‖, Prentice-Hall Software Series, 1993.