Introduction to Operating Systems

CS3451    

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

•        To understand the basics and functions of operating systems.

•        To understand processes and threads

•        To analyze scheduling algorithms and process synchronization.

•        To understand the concept of deadlocks.

•        To analyze various memory management schemes.

•        To be familiar with I/O management and file systems.

•        To be familiar with the basics of virtual machines and Mobile OS like iOS and Android.

UNIT I       INTRODUCTION     

Computer System - Elements and organization; Operating System Overview - Objectives and Functions - Evolution of Operating System; Operating System Structures – Operating System Services - User Operating System Interface - System Calls – System Programs - Design and Implementation - Structuring methods.

UNIT II     PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Processes - Process Concept - Process Scheduling - Operations on Processes - Inter-process Communication; CPU Scheduling - Scheduling criteria - Scheduling algorithms: Threads - Multithread Models – Threading issues; Process Synchronization - The Critical-Section problem - Synchronization hardware – Semaphores – Mutex - Classical problems of synchronization - Monitors; Deadlock - Methods for handling deadlocks, Deadlock prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock detection, Recovery from deadlock.

UNIT III    MEMORY MANAGEMENT

Main Memory - Swapping - Contiguous Memory Allocation – Paging - Structure of the Page Table - Segmentation, Segmentation with paging; Virtual Memory - Demand Paging – Copy on Write - Page Replacement - Allocation of Frames –Thrashing.

UNIT IV    STORAGE MANAGEMENT

Mass Storage system – Disk Structure - Disk Scheduling and Management; File-System Interface - File concept - Access methods - Directory Structure - Directory organization - File system mounting -         File Sharing and Protection; File System Implementation - File System Structure - Directory implementation - Allocation Methods - Free Space Management; I/O Systems – I/O Hardware, Application I/O interface, Kernel I/O subsystem.

UNIT V     VIRTUAL MACHINES AND MOBILE OS

Virtual Machines – History, Benefits and Features, Building Blocks, Types of Virtual Machines and their Implementations, Virtualization and Operating-System Components; Mobile OS - iOS and Android.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of this course, the students will be able to:

CO1 : Analyze various scheduling algorithms and process synchronization.

CO2 : Explain deadlock prevention and avoidance algorithms.

CO3 : Compare and contrast various memory management schemes.

CO4 : Explain the functionality of file systems, I/O systems, and Virtualization

CO5 : Compare iOS and Android Operating Systems.

TEXT BOOKS:

1.       Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin and Greg Gagne, “Operating System Concepts”‖, 10th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2018.

2.       Andrew S Tanenbaum, "Modern Operating Systems", Pearson, 5th Edition, 2022 New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1.       Ramaz Elmasri, A. Gil Carrick, David Levine, “ Operating Systems – A Spiral Approach”, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2010.

2.       William Stallings, "Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles", 7th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2018.

3.       Achyut S.Godbole, Atul Kahate, “Operating Systems”, McGraw Hill Education, 2016.