Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

CE25C02:

Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

Course objective:

To introduce fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and apply them to analyze and solve practical civil engineering problems.

Fluid Properties: Fluid properties - methods of analysis - system and control volume - pressure measurement

Fluid Statics: Forces on plane and curved surfaces - buoyancy, flotation, and metacentric height.

Activity: Construct simple floating models to study buoyancy, metacentric height, and hydrostatic forces.

Fluid Flows: Flow classification, streamline concepts, stream function, flow nets; conservation laws (mass, energy, momentum), continuity equation, Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations, and applications to flow measurement and pipe bends. Laminar flow, Reynolds experiment, Hagen–Poiseuille equation, Darcy–Weisbach equation, Moody diagram, pipe losses, and pipes in series and parallel.

Activity: Review of Competitive Exam questions on pipe flow, discharge/velocity calculations, and pipe losses.

Dimensional Analysis: Fundamental dimensions, dimensional homogeneity, Rayleigh’s method, Buckingham Pi theorem, dimensionless parameters, similitude, model studies, and applications

Activity:

Quiz on dimensional analysis.

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer concepts, laminar and turbulent flow, momentum integral equation, drag, lift, separation, and control measures.

Turbines: Impact of jets, velocity triangles, rotodynamic machine theory, turbine classification, working principles of Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, work done, efficiencies, draft tube, specific speed, performance curves, and governing.

Activity:

Prepare a poster on turbine working principles, performance, and efficiency.

Pumps: Pump classification, centrifugal pumps, solar pumps - working principle, heads and efficiencies, velocity triangles, impeller work, performance curves; reciprocating pumps, indicator diagram, air vessels, and rotary pumps.

Activity:

Visit a pump installation or water treatment plant and prepare a report.

Weightage: Continuous Assessment: 40%, End Semester Examinations: 60%

Methodology for Continuous Assessment: Quiz - 10%, Poster presentation - 15%; Report preparation from Site visit – 10%, Assignment – 15%, Internal Examinations – 50%

References

1. Jain A. K. Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2021.

2. Modi P.N and Seth S.M. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines, 23rd Ed., Standard Book House, New Delhi, 2022.

3. Subramanya K. Theory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi, 2019.

4. Som S.K., Gautam Biswas and Chakraborty S. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines,3rd Ed., Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2019

5. Pani B.S. Fluid Mechanics: A Concise Introduction, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd, 2016.

6. Ojha C.S.P., Berndtsson R. and Chandramouli P.N. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery, Oxford University Press, 2010.

7. IS 5120:1969: Code of practice for hydraulic turbines — Testing