Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

CE3391

FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To introduce the students a b o u t properties of the fluids, behaviour of fluids under static conditions.

2. To impart basic knowledge of the dynamics of fluids and boundary layer concept.

3. To expose to the applications of the conservation laws to a) flow measurements b) flow through pipes (both laminar and turbulent) and c) forces on pipe bends.

4. To exposure to the significance of boundary layer theory and its thicknesses.

5. To expose the students to basic principles of working of hydraulic machineries and to design Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbine, centrifugal and reciprocating pumps.

UNIT - I

FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

Properties of fluids – Fluid statics - Pressure Measurements - Buoyancy and floatation – Flow characteristics - Eulerian and Lagrangian approach - Concept of control volume and system - Reynold’s transportation theorem - Continuity equation, energy equation and momentum equation - Applications.

UNIT - II

FLOW THROUGH PIPES AND BOUNDARY LAYER

Reynold’s Experiment - Laminar flow through circular conduits - Darcy Weisbach equation - friction factor - Moody diagram - Major and minor losses - Hydraulic and energy gradient lines - Pipes in series and parallel - Boundary layer concepts - Types of boundary layer thickness.

UNIT - III

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES

Fundamental dimensions - Dimensional homogeneity - Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham Pi theorem - Dimensionless parameters - Similitude and model studies - Distorted and undistorted models.

UNIT - IV

TURBINES

Impact of jets - Velocity triangles - Theory of rotodynamic machines - Classification of turbines – Working principles - Pelton wheel - Modern Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine - Work done - Efficiencies - Draft tube - Specific speed - Performance curves for turbines - Governing of turbines.

UNIT - V

PUMPS

Classification of pumps - Centrifugal pumps - Working principle - Heads and efficiencies– Velocity triangles - Work done by the impeller - Performance curves - Reciprocating pump working principle - Indicator diagram and it’s variations - Work saved by fitting air vessels - Rotary pumps.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

OUTCOMES:

On completion of the course, the student is expected to be able to

1. Understand the properties and behaviour in static conditions. Also, to understand the conservation laws applicable to fluids and its application through fluid kinematics and dynamics

2. Estimate losses in pipelines for both laminar and turbulent conditions and analysis of pipes connected in series and parallel. Also, to understand the concept of boundary layer and its thickness on the flat solid surface.

3. Formulate the relationship among the parameters involved in the given fluid phenomenon and to predict the performances of prototype by model studies

4. Explain the working principles of various turbines and design the various types of turbines.

5. Explain the working principles of centrifugal, reciprocating and rotary pumps and design the centrifugal and reciprocating pumps

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Modi P.N. and Seth, S.M. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book House, New Delhi, 22^nd edition (2019)

2. Jain A. K. Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2014.

3. Kumar K. L., Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Eurasia Publishing House(p) Ltd. New Delhi, 2016.

REFERENCES:

1. Fox W.R. and McDonald A.T., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics John-Wiley and Sons, Singapore, 2011.

2. Pani B S, Fluid Mechanics: A Concise Introduction, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd, 2016.

3. Cengel Y A and Cimbala J M, Fluid Mechanics, McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2014.

4. S K Som; Gautam Biswas and S Chakraborty, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2012.

5. Streeter, V. L. and Wylie E. B., Fluid Mechanics, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 2010.