Applied Thermodynamics
AI25403 4th Semester Agriculture Department | 2025 Regulation
2025 regulation - 4th semester for Agriculture Department. Subject Code: AI25403, Subject Name: Applied Thermodynamics, Batch: 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028. Department: Agriculture Engineering Department. Institute: Anna University Affiliated Engineering College, TamilNadu. This page has Applied Thermodynamics (AI25403) study material, notes, semester question paper pdf download, important questions, lecture notes.
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Applied Thermodynamics
- Basics, Zeroth and First Law
- Microscopic and Macroscopic Approaches, Thermodynamic Properties
- Thermodynamic Systems
- Types of Thermodynamic Systems
- Control Volume
- Concept of Continuum
- Concept of Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
- Intensive and Extensive Properties of a System
- Total and Specific Quantities
- State of a system
- Path
- Thermodynamic Process
- Thermodynamic Equilibrium
- Thermodynamic Cycle
- Point Function and Path Function
- Energy
- Heat Transfer (Q)
- Work Transfer (W)
- P-V Diagram
- Concept of Ideal and Real Gases
- Characteristic Gas Equation
- Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- First Law of Thermodynamics - Application to closed systems (cyclic process)
- Internal Energy is a Property
- Solved Problems on closed systems (cyclic process)
- Solved Anna University Problems on closed systems (cyclic process)
- First Law of Thermodynamics Application to closed systems (Non-Flow Processes)
- Relation between cp, cv and R
- Important Formulae for Non-Flow Processes
- Solved Problems on closed systems (Non-Flow Processes)
- Solved Anna University Problems on closed systems (Non – Flow Processes)
- First Law of Thermodynamics - Application to open systems or control volume
- Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE)
- First Law of Thermodynamics - Application to open systems
- expressing the shaft work per kg as ws = - ∫ vdp for a steady flow system with negligible change in kinetic and potential energy
- Important Formulae in Open Systems
- Solved Problems on open systems or control volume for steady flow
- Solved Anna University Problems on open systems for steady flow
- Unsteady Flow Processes
- Solved Problems on Unsteady Flow Process
- Solved Anna University Problems on open systems for unsteady flow
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice with Answer
- Second Law and Entropy
- Heat Reservoir, Source and Sink
- Heat Engine and its Performance
- Refrigerator and its Performance
- Heat Pump and its Performance
- Statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Equivalence of Second law of Thermodynamics
- Corollaries of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Reversibility
- Irreversibility
- Carnot Cycle and its Performance
- Reversed Carnot Cycle and its Performance
- Carnot Theorem
- Absolute Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
- Solved Problems on Heat Engines, Refrigerators and Heat Pump
- Solved Anna University Problems on Heat Engines, Refrigerators and Heat Pump
- Causius Inequality
- Solved Problem on Clausius Inequality
- Solved Anna University Problem on Clausius Inequality
- Concept of Entropy
- Entropy: a Property of the System
- T-s Diagram
- Tds Equations
- Entropy change for a pure substance
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
- Entropy Change of Ideal Gas
- Applications of Change in Entropy for different processes
- Principle of Increase of Entropy
- Applications of Second Law of Thermodynamics or Applications of Entropy Principle
- Absolute Entropy
- Entropy Balance
- Entropy Generation
- Solved Problems on Entropy
- Solved Anna University Problems on Entropy principles
- Available Energy and Unavailable Energy
- Availability
- Irreversibility (I)
- Thermodynamics I and II Law Efficiency
- Expressions for energy of a closed systems in terms of availability and Thermodynamic second law efficiency
- Expressions for energy of an open systems in terms of availability and Thermodynamic second law efficiency
- Useful work based on the second law of thermodynamics for non-flow processes
- Useful work based on the second law of thermodynamics for flow processes
- Solved Problems on Availability, Irreversibility and thermodynamic second law efficiency
- Solved Anna University Problems on Availability, Irreversibility and Thermodynamic Second Law Efficiency
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
- Introduction to Pure Substance
- Formation of steam and its Thermodynamic Properties
- P-V Diagram of Pure Substances
- P-T Diagram, T-V Diagram of Pure Substances
- T-S Diagram (for water)
- h-s Diagram or mollier chart
- p-v-T Surface
- Steam Tables
- Thermodynamic Properties of Steam
- Determination of Dryness Fraction
- Calculation of work done and Heat Transfer in non-flow processes
- Calculation of work done and Heat Transfer in Flow Processes
- Important Formulae
- Solved Problems on Steam Properties
- Solved Problems on Non-Flow Processes
- Solved Problems on Flow Processes
- Solved Anna University Problems on Thermodynamic Processes
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
- Introduction to ideal and real gases
- Properties of Ideal Gas
- Comparison of Ideal Gas and Real Gas
- Equation of state for Ideal Gas
- Properties of Real Gas
- Equations of state for Real Gas
- Enthalpy and Entropy of Real Gases
- Compressibility Factor
- Reduced Properties and Principle of Corresponding States
- Generalised Compressibility Chart
- Solved Problems on Ideal and Real Gases
- Thermodynamic Relations
- Maxwell's Equations
- Coefficient of volume expansion
- Isothermal Compressibility
- Ratio of co-efficient of volume expansion (b) and Isothermal Compressibility (K)
- Energy Equations
- Entropy Relations (Tds Equations)
- Difference between specific heat capacities
- Ratio of specific heat capacities
- Joule-Thomson Coefficient
- Clausius Clapeyron Equation
- Phase change processes
- Solved Problems on Thermodynamic Relations
- Solved Anna University Problems on Thermodynamic Relations
- Gas Mixtures
- Mixing of Ideal Gases
- Mixtures of Real Gases
- Solved Anna University Problems on Gas Mixtures
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
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Applied Thermodynamics
Unit I: Basics, Zeroth and First Law
- Basics, Zeroth and First Law
- Microscopic and Macroscopic Approaches, Thermodynamic Properties
- Thermodynamic Systems
- Types of Thermodynamic Systems
- Control Volume
- Concept of Continuum
- Concept of Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium
- Intensive and Extensive Properties of a System
- Total and Specific Quantities
- State of a system
- Path
- Thermodynamic Process
- Thermodynamic Equilibrium
- Thermodynamic Cycle
- Point Function and Path Function
- Energy
- Heat Transfer (Q)
- Work Transfer (W)
- P-V Diagram
- Concept of Ideal and Real Gases
- Characteristic Gas Equation
- Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- First Law of Thermodynamics - Application to closed systems (cyclic process)
- Internal Energy is a Property
- Solved Problems on closed systems (cyclic process)
- Solved Anna University Problems on closed systems (cyclic process)
- First Law of Thermodynamics Application to closed systems (Non-Flow Processes)
- Relation between cp, cv and R
- Important Formulae for Non-Flow Processes
- Solved Problems on closed systems (Non-Flow Processes)
- Solved Anna University Problems on closed systems (Non – Flow Processes)
- First Law of Thermodynamics - Application to open systems or control volume
- Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE)
- First Law of Thermodynamics - Application to open systems
- expressing the shaft work per kg as ws = - ∫ vdp for a steady flow system with negligible change in kinetic and potential energy
- Important Formulae in Open Systems
- Solved Problems on open systems or control volume for steady flow
- Solved Anna University Problems on open systems for steady flow
- Unsteady Flow Processes
- Solved Problems on Unsteady Flow Process
- Solved Anna University Problems on open systems for unsteady flow
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice with Answer
Unit II: Second Law and Entropy
- Second Law and Entropy
- Heat Reservoir, Source and Sink
- Heat Engine and its Performance
- Refrigerator and its Performance
- Heat Pump and its Performance
- Statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Equivalence of Second law of Thermodynamics
- Corollaries of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Reversibility
- Irreversibility
- Carnot Cycle and its Performance
- Reversed Carnot Cycle and its Performance
- Carnot Theorem
- Absolute Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
- Solved Problems on Heat Engines, Refrigerators and Heat Pump
- Solved Anna University Problems on Heat Engines, Refrigerators and Heat Pump
- Causius Inequality
- Solved Problem on Clausius Inequality
- Solved Anna University Problem on Clausius Inequality
- Concept of Entropy
- Entropy: a Property of the System
- T-s Diagram
- Tds Equations
- Entropy change for a pure substance
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
Unit III: Availability and Applications of II Law
- Entropy Change of Ideal Gas
- Applications of Change in Entropy for different processes
- Principle of Increase of Entropy
- Applications of Second Law of Thermodynamics or Applications of Entropy Principle
- Absolute Entropy
- Entropy Balance
- Entropy Generation
- Solved Problems on Entropy
- Solved Anna University Problems on Entropy principles
- Available Energy and Unavailable Energy
- Availability
- Irreversibility (I)
- Thermodynamics I and II Law Efficiency
- Expressions for energy of a closed systems in terms of availability and Thermodynamic second law efficiency
- Expressions for energy of an open systems in terms of availability and Thermodynamic second law efficiency
- Useful work based on the second law of thermodynamics for non-flow processes
- Useful work based on the second law of thermodynamics for flow processes
- Solved Problems on Availability, Irreversibility and thermodynamic second law efficiency
- Solved Anna University Problems on Availability, Irreversibility and Thermodynamic Second Law Efficiency
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
Unit IV: Properties of Pure Substances
- Introduction to Pure Substance
- Formation of steam and its Thermodynamic Properties
- P-V Diagram of Pure Substances
- P-T Diagram, T-V Diagram of Pure Substances
- T-S Diagram (for water)
- h-s Diagram or mollier chart
- p-v-T Surface
- Steam Tables
- Thermodynamic Properties of Steam
- Determination of Dryness Fraction
- Calculation of work done and Heat Transfer in non-flow processes
- Calculation of work done and Heat Transfer in Flow Processes
- Important Formulae
- Solved Problems on Steam Properties
- Solved Problems on Non-Flow Processes
- Solved Problems on Flow Processes
- Solved Anna University Problems on Thermodynamic Processes
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
Unit V: Gas Mixtures and Thermodynamic Relations
- Introduction to ideal and real gases
- Properties of Ideal Gas
- Comparison of Ideal Gas and Real Gas
- Equation of state for Ideal Gas
- Properties of Real Gas
- Equations of state for Real Gas
- Enthalpy and Entropy of Real Gases
- Compressibility Factor
- Reduced Properties and Principle of Corresponding States
- Generalised Compressibility Chart
- Solved Problems on Ideal and Real Gases
- Thermodynamic Relations
- Maxwell's Equations
- Coefficient of volume expansion
- Isothermal Compressibility
- Ratio of co-efficient of volume expansion (b) and Isothermal Compressibility (K)
- Energy Equations
- Entropy Relations (Tds Equations)
- Difference between specific heat capacities
- Ratio of specific heat capacities
- Joule-Thomson Coefficient
- Clausius Clapeyron Equation
- Phase change processes
- Solved Problems on Thermodynamic Relations
- Solved Anna University Problems on Thermodynamic Relations
- Gas Mixtures
- Mixing of Ideal Gases
- Mixtures of Real Gases
- Solved Anna University Problems on Gas Mixtures
- Two mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Important 16 marks Long Questions
- Problems for Practice
PDF Download Links
AI25403:
Applied
Thermodynamics
Course
Objective:
To
impart fundamental knowledge of thermodynamic laws, properties of pure
substances and gas mixtures for engineering applications.
Fundamentals
of Thermodynamics, First Law: Thermodynamic systems,
properties, equilibrium, Zeroth law, temperature scales, and energy
interactions - First law for closed/open systems, steady/unsteady flow
processes, and applications to turbines, compressors, and nozzles.
Activity:
Problem-solving assignment on First Law applications
Second
Law, Entropy, Availability: Heat engines,
refrigerators, Carnot cycles, and Second Law statements – Entropy (T–s diagram;
Tds equations), irreversibility, availability, and second law efficiency with
engineering applications.
Activity:
Case study on power plant efficiency
Properties
of Pure Substances, Gas Mixtures: Steam properties,
thermodynamic diagrams, steam tables, and Mollier chart applications.
Ideal/real gases, equations of state, compressibility, and corresponding
states.
Activity:
Numerical exercise using Steam Tables/Mollier chart
Thermodynamic
Relations, Applications: Maxwell relations, TdS
equations, Joule–Thomson effect, and Clausius–Clapeyron relation - Applications
in power plants, refrigeration, exergy analysis, and energy audit concepts.
Activity:
Seminar on exergy analysis of a simple thermal system
Weightage:
Continuous Assessment: 40%, End Semester Examinations: 60%
Methodology for
Continuous Assessment: Quiz - 10%, Case study report –
20%; Seminar report – 20%, Internal Examinations – 50%
References:
1.
Nag, P. K. Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill Education
(India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2025.
2.
Yunus A. Çengel and Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach,
9th Edition, McGraw Hill Education, New York, 2025.
3.
Sonntag,R.E.,Borgnakke,C.andVanWylen,G.J.,Fundamentalsof Thermodynamics, 8th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2018.
4.
Arora, C. P., Thermodynamics, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New
Delhi, 2008.
5. Moran, M. J., Shapiro, H. N., Boettner, D. D. and Bailey, M. B., Principles of Engineering Thermodynamics, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2021.
Engineering Thermodynamics: Unit I: Basics, Zeroth and First Law,, Engineering Thermodynamics: Unit II: Second Law and Entropy,, Engineering Thermodynamics: Unit III: Availability and Applications of II Law,, Engineering Thermodynamics: Unit IV: Properties of Pure Substances,, Engineering Thermodynamics: Unit V: Gas Mixtures and Thermodynamic Relations 4th Semester 2025 Regulation : AI25403 4th Semester Agriculture Department | 2025 Regulation Applied Thermodynamics
