Materials Science

PH3251

MATERIALS SCIENCE

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

• To make the students to understand the basics of crystallography and its importance in studying materials properties.

• To understand the electrical properties of materials including free electron theory, applications of quantum mechanics and magnetic materials.

• To instil knowledge on physics of semiconductors, determination of charge carriers and device applications

• To establish a sound grasp of knowledge on different optical properties of materials, optical displays and applications

• To inculcate an idea of significance of nano structures, quantum confinement and ensuing nano device applications.

UNIT - I

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

Crystal structures: BCC, FCC and HCP – directions and planes - linear and planar densities – crystal imperfections- edge and screw dislocations – grain and twin boundaries - Burgers vector and elastic strain energy- Slip systems, plastic deformation of materials - Polymorphism – phase changes – nucleation and growth – homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.

UNIT - II

ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Classical free electron theory - Expression for electrical conductivity – Thermal conductivity, expression - Quantum free electron theory :Tunneling – degenerate states – Fermi- Dirac statistics – Density of energy states – Electron in periodic potential – Energy bands in solids – tight binding approximation - Electron effective mass – concept of hole. Magnetic materials: Dia, para and ferromagnetic effects – paramagnetism in the conduction electrons in metals – exchange interaction and ferromagnetism – quantum interference devices – GMR devices.

UNIT - III

SEMICONDUCTORS AND TRANSPORT PHYSICS

Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect band gap semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors – extrinsic semiconductors - Carrier concentration in N-type & P-type semiconductors – Variation of carrier concentration with temperature – Carrier transport in Semiconductors: Drift, mobility and diffusion – Hall effect and devices – Ohmic contacts – Schottky diode.

UNIT - IV

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Classification of optical materials – Optical processes in semiconductors: optical absorption and emission, charge injection and recombination, optical absorption, loss and gain. Optical processes in quantum wells – Optoelectronic devices: light detectors and solar cells – light emitting diode – laser diode - optical processes in organic semiconductor devices –excitonic state – Electro-optics and nonlinear optics: Modulators and switching devices – plasmonics.

UNIT - V

NANOELECTRONIC DEVICES

Quantum confinement – Quantum structures – quantum wells, wires and dots – Zener-Bloch oscillations – Resonant tunneling – quantum interference effects - mesoscopic structures – Single electron phenomena – Single electron Transistor. Semiconductor photonic structures – 1D, 2D and 3D photonic crystal. Active and passive optoelectronic devices – photo processes – spintronics – carbon nanotubes: Properties and applications.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the students should be able to

•  know basics of crystallography and its importance for varied materials properties

• gain knowledge on the electrical and magnetic properties of materials and their applications

• understand clearly of semiconductor physics and functioning of semiconductor devices

• understand the optical properties of materials and working principles of various optical devices

• appreciate the importance of functional nanoelectronic devices.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. V.Raghavan. Materials Science and Engineering: A First Course, Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited, 2015.

2. S.O. Kasap, Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices, Mc-Graw Hill, 2018.

3. Jasprit Singh, Semiconductor Devices: Basic Principles, Wiley (India), 2007.

4. Jasprit Singh, Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Physics and Technology, Mc-Graw Hill India (2019)

5. G.W.Hanson. Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics. Pearson Education (Indian Edition), 2009.

REFERENCES:

1. R.Balasubramaniam, Callister’s Materials Science and Engineering. Wiley (Indian Edition), 2014.

2. Wendelin Wright and Donald Askeland, Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, CL Engineering, 2013.

3. Robert F.Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Pearson, 2006

4. Pallab Bhattacharya, Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Pearson, 2017

5. Ben Rogers, Jesse Adams and Sumita Pennathur, Nanotechnology: Understanding Small Systems, CRC Press, 2017.