Applied Hydraulics Engineering

CE3401

APPLIED HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

• To impart basic knowledge to the students about the open channel flows with analysis of uniform flow, gradually varied flow and rapidly varied flow and to expose them to basic principles of working of hydraulic machineries and to design Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbine, Centrifugal and Reciprocating pumps.

UNIT I

UNIFORM FLOW

Definition and differences between pipe flow and open channel flow - Types of Flow - Properties of open channel - Fundamental equations - Sub-critical, Super-critical and Critical flow – Velocity distribution in open channel - Steady uniform flow: Chezy's equation, Manning equation - Best hydraulic sections for uniform flow - Computation in Uniform Flow - Specific energy and specific force.

UNIT II

VARIED FLOWS

Dynamic equations of gradually varied - Water surface flow profile classifications: Hydraulic Slope, Hydraulic Curve - Profile determination by Numerical method: Direct step method and Standard step method - Change in Grades.

UNIT III

RAPIDLY VARIED FLOWS

Application of the momentum equation for RVF - Hydraulic jumps - Types - Energy dissipation - Positive and Negative surges.

UNIT IV

TURBINES

Reaction turbines - Francis turbine - Turbines - Classification - Impulse turbine - Pelton wheel Kaplan turbine - Draft tube - Cavitation - Performance of turbine - Specific speed - Runaway speed - Minimum Speed to start the pump.

UNIT V

PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps - Minimum speed to start the pump - NPSH - Cavitation's in pumps - Operating characteristics - Multistage pumps - Reciprocating pumps - Negative slip - Indicator diagrams and its variations - Air vessels - Savings in work done.

TOTAL: (L: 45+ T: 15) 60 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

On completion of the course, the student is expected to

CO1 Describe the basics of open channel flow, its classification and analysis of uniform flow in steady state conditions with specific energy concept and its application

CO2 Analyse steady gradually varied flow, water surface profiles and its length calculation using direct and standard step methods with change in water surface profiles due to change in grades.

CO3 Derive the relationship among the sequent depths of steady rapidly varied flow and estimating energy loss in hydraulic jump with exposure to positive and negative surges.

CO4 Design turbines and explain the working principle

CO5 Differentiate pumps and explain the working principle with characteristic curves and design centrifugal and reciprocating pumps.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Jain. A.K., Fluid Mechanics, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 2010.

2. Chandramouli P N, Applied Hydraulic Engineering, Yes Dee Publisher, 2017

REFERENCES:

1. Ven Te Chow, Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw Hill, New York, 2009.

2. Modi P.N. and Seth S.M., Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book House, New Delhi, 19th edition, 2013.

3. Mays L. W., Water Resources Engineering, John Wiley and Sons (WSE), New York, 2019

4. Subramanya K., Flow in open channels, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2019.