Fluid Mechanics

FLUID MECHANICS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

• To introduce the students about properties and behaviour of the fluids under static conditions and to impart basic knowledge of the dynamics of fluids through the control volume approach and to expose to the applications of the conservation laws to a) flow measurements b) flow through pipes (both laminar and turbulent) and c) forces on pipe bends with an exposure to the significance of boundary layer theory and its applications.

UNIT I

FLUIDS PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS

Scope of fluid mechanics - Definitions of a fluid - Methods of analysis - Continuum hypothesis - System and Control volume approach - Reynold's transportation theorem - Fluid properties - Fluid statics Manometry - Forces on plane and curved surfaces - Buoyancy and floatation - Stability of floating bodies.

UNIT II

BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLUID FLOW

Kinematics: Classification of flows - Streamline, streak-line and path-lines - Stream function and velocity potentials - Flow nets;

Dynamics: Application of control volume to continuity, energy and momentum - Euler's equation of motion along a stream line - Bernoulli's equation - Applications to velocity and discharge measurements - Linear momentum equation - Application to Pipe bends - Moment of momentum equation.

UNIT III

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES

Fundamental dimensions - Dimensional homogeneity - Rayleigh's method and Buckingham Pi theorem - Dimensionless parameters - Similitude and model studies - Distorted and undistorted models.

UNIT IV

INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOW

Reynolds experiment - Laminar flow in pipes and between parallel plates - Development of laminar and turbulent flows in pipes - Darcy-Weisbach equation - Moody diagram - Major and minor losses of flow in pipes - Total energy line - Hydraulic grade line - Siphon - Pipes in series and parallel - Equivalent pipes.

UNIT V

BOUNDARY LAYERS

Definition of boundary layers - Laminar and turbulent boundary layers - Displacement, momentum and energy thickness - Momentum integral equation - Applications - Separation of boundary layer - Drag and Lift forces.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

• On completion of the course, the student is expected to

CO1 Demonstrate the difference between solid and fluid, its properties and behaviour in static conditions.

CO2 Apply the conservation laws applicable to fluids and its application through fluid kinematics and dynamics.

CO3 Formulate the relationship among the parameters involved in the given fluid phenomenon and to predict the performance of prototypes by model studies.

CO4 Estimate the losses in pipelines for both laminar and turbulent conditions and analysis of pipes connected in series and parallel.

CO5 Explain the concept of boundary layer and its application to find the drag force excreted by the fluid on the flat solid surface.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Modi P.N and Seth Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines Standard Book House New Delhi. 2015.

2. Streeter, V.L. Wylie, E. B. and Bedford K.W, Fluid Mechanics. (9th Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1998.

REFERENCES:

1. SK Som; Gautam Biswas and S Chakraborty, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2012.

2. Pani B S, Fluid Mechanics: A Concise Introduction, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd, 2016.

3. Jain A. K. Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2014.

4. Narayana Pillai N. Principles of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines, (3rd Ed.) University Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. 2009.