Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 8: Sensors and Transducers
Velocity Sensors
Tachogenerator works on the principle of variable reluctance. It consists of an assembly of a toothed wheel and a magnetic circuit as shown in figure.
VELOCITY
SENSOR
Tachogenerator works on
the principle of variable reluctance. It consists of an assembly of a toothed
wheel and a magnetic circuit as shown in figure. Toothed wheel is mounted on the
shaft or the element of which angular motion is to be measured.
Magnetic circuit comprising
of a coil wound on a ferromagnetic material core. As the wheel rotates, the
airgap between wheel tooth and magnetic core changes which results in cyclic
change in flux linked with the coil. The alternating emf generated is the
measure of angular motion. A pulse shaping signal conditioner is used to
transform the output into a number of pulses which can be counted by a counter.
An alternating current
(AC) generator can also be used as a techognerator. It comprises of rotor coil
which rotates with the shaft. Figure shows the schematic of AC generator. The
rotor rotates in the magnetic field produced by a stationary permanent magnet
or electromagnet. During this process, an alternating emf is produced which is
the measure of the angular velocity of the rotor. In general, these sensors
exhibit nonlinearity error of about 0.15% are employed for the rotation ship to
about 10000 rev/min.
Pyroelectric sensor
comprises of a thick element of polarized material coated with thin film
electrodes on opposite faces as shown in figure. Initially the electrodes are
in electrical equilibrium with the polarized material. On incident of infra
red, the material heats up and reduces its polarization. This leads to charge
imbalance at the interface of crystal and electrodes. To balance this
disequilibrium, measurement circuit supplies the charge, which is calibrated
against the detection of an object or its movement.
Applications of Pyroelectric sensors
• Intrusion detector
• Opto thermal detector
• Pollution detector
• Position sensor
• Solar cell studies
• Engine analysis
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 8: Sensors and Transducers : Tag: Basic Engineering : - Velocity Sensors
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 8: Sensors and Transducers
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