Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 3: Electrochemistry
Factors Affecting Conductivity
1. Nature of the electrolyte 2. Concentration of the electrolytes 3. Temperature 4. Viscosity of the solvent 5. Size and charges of ions 6. Polarity of the solvent 7. Hydration 8. Inter ionic attraction
FACTORS AFFECTING CONDUCTIVITY
1. Nature of the
electrolyte
(i)
Strong electrolytes
Strong electrolytes
dissociate completely into ions in solution and exhibit higher conductivity.
Examples:
(a) Sodium chloride:
NaCl → Na+ + CI‒
(b) Hydrochloric acid:
HCI → H+ + CI‒
(c) Sulphuric acid H2SO4
→ 2H+ + SO42‒
(ii)
Weak electrolytes
Weak electrolytes
dissociate partially into ions in solution and exhibit lower conductivity.
Examples:
Acetic acid: CH3COOH
→ CH3COO ̄ + H+
2. Concentration of
the electrolytes
Higher concentrations
of strong electrolytes generally lead to increased conductivity due to a
greater number of ions (charge carriers) in the solution. However, at very high
concentrations, conductivity decreases due to increased ion‒ion interaction,
which hinder ion movement.
Thus, on dilution conductivity
increases for strong electrolyte and becomes constant at particular dilution.
But, on dilution,
conductivity for weak electrolyte is going on increasing even at infinite
dilution.
3. Temperature
Generally, increasing
the temperature increases the conductivity of an electrolyte. This is because
higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of the ions, making them move
faster. Also, increase in temperature dissociate the electrolytes faster.
4. Viscosity of the
solvent
If the viscosity of the solvent is more, the movement of the ions is less, which reduces the conductivity.
5. Size and charges
of ions
Smaller ions with
higher charges tend to have higher mobility and thus contribute more to the
conductivity.
6. Polarity of the
solvent
If the solvent has high
dielectric constant (polar) then the ionization and conductance will be higher.
7. Hydration
Due to hydration of
ions conductance decreases.
8. Inter ionic
attraction
If the inter ionic
attraction between ions of the solute is more, then the conductivity will be
less.
Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 3: Electrochemistry : Tag: Applied Chemistry : - Factors Affecting Conductivity
Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 3: Electrochemistry
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Applied Chemistry I
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