Comparison chart for Dia, Para and Ferro‒Magnetic materials

COMPARISON CHART FOR DIA, PARA AND FERRO‒MAGNETIC MATERIALS

Dia‒magnetic material

1. In diamagnetic material there are equal number of electron spins which are randomly oriented and hence the net magnetic moment is zero.

2. When the external magnetic field is applied, the electrons will align perpendicular to the field direction and hence it reduces the magnetic induction present in the material. Thus they are name as weak magnets.

3. When the material is placed in the magnetic field, the magnetic flux lines are repelled away from the material.

4. The susceptibility negative ( χ = ‒ve).

5. The susceptibility is independent of temperature.

6. Permeability is less than 1.

7. When the temperature is less than critical temperature, the diamagnetism suddenly disappears and becomes a normal material.

8. Examples: Gold, antimony, bismuth, water, hydrogen, alcohol, germanium, silicon etc.

Para‒magnetic material

1. In paramagnetic material there are unequal number of electron spins and hence there exists a permanent magnetic moment.

2. When the external magnetic field is applied, the electrons will align parallel to the field direction and hence the material is magnetised. Thus they are named as strong magnets.

3. When the material is placed in the magnetic field, the magnetic flux lines passes through the material.

4. The susceptibility is positive and small (χ =+ve)

5. The susceptibility varies inversely with the absolute temperature.

6. Permeability is greater than 1.

7. When the temperature of the material is less than Curie temperature, para‒magnetic material converted into diamagnetic material.

8. Examples: Platinum, chromium, aluminium, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate etc.

Ferro‒magnetic material

1. In ferromagnetic material there will be large number of unequal electron spins and hence there exists enormous amount of permanent magnetic moment.

2. When the external magnetic field is applied, the electrons which are already aligned parallel will reorient itself along the field direction and will be very easily magnetised. Thus they are named as very strong magnets.

3. When the material is placed in the magnetic field, the magnetic flux lines are highly attracted towards the centre of the material.

4. The susceptibility is positive and large (χ=+ve)

5. The susceptibility depends upon the temperature.

6. Permeability is very much greater than 1.

7. When the temperature is greater than Curie temperature, the ferromagnetic material is converted into paramagnetic material,

8. Examples: Iron, nickel, cobalt, steel, etc.