Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 1: Water Technology
Desalination of Brackish Water
The process of removing common salt (sodium chloride) from the water is known as desalination.
DESALINATION OF BRACKISH WATER
The process of removing
common salt (sodium chloride) from the water is known as desalination.
The water containing
dissolved salts with a peculiar salty (or) brackish taste is called brackish water.
Depending upon the
quantity of dissolved solids, water is graded as
1.
Fresh water ‒ Contains < 1000 ppm of dissolved
solids.
2.
Brackish water ‒ Contains > 1000 but < 35,000
ppm of dissolved solids.
3.
Sea water ‒ Contains > 35,000 ppm of dissolved solids.
Sea water and brackish
water can be made available as drinking water through desalination process.
Desalination is carried out by reverse osmosis.
1. Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Osmosis ‒ Definition
When two solutions of
different concentrations are separated by a semi‒permeable membrane, solvent
(water) flows from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.
This process is called osmosis. The driving force in this phenomenon is called
osmotic pressure.
Reverse Osmosis ‒ Definition
If a hydrostatic
pressure in excess of osmotic pressure is applied on the higher concentration
side, the solvent flow is reversed i.e., solvent flows from higher
concentration to lower concentration. This process is called reverse osmosis
(Fig. 1.7).
Thus, in the process of
reverse osmosis pure water is separated from salt water. This process is also
known as super‒filtration. The membranes used are cellulose acetate, cellulose
butyrate, etc.,
Advantages
(i) The life time of
the membrane is high, and it can be replaced within few minutes.
(ii) It removes ionic
as well as non‒ionic, colloidal impurities.
(iii) Due to low
capital cost, simplicity, low operating, this process is used for converting
sea water into drinking water.
Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 1: Water Technology : Tag: Applied Chemistry : - Desalination of Brackish Water
Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 1: Water Technology
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Applied Chemistry I
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