Applied Physics I: Chapter 4: Oscillations and Waves
Free, Forced and Damped Oscillations
Definition, Examples
There are three type of oscillation/vibration, based on the force that is acting on the system, viz.
FREE,
FORCED AND DAMPED OSCILLATIONS
There
are three type of oscillation/vibration, based on the force that is acting on
the system, viz.
1. Free vibration
A
system (or) body which vibrates freely without any resistance (Even air) (or)
Frictional force is called free
vibrations. In real situation this is not possible, because by nature
always some resistance is offered to the oscillating system.
2. Damped Oscillation
In
a real situation, if a body is set into vibrations, the amplitude keeps on
decreasing because of frictional resistance to the motion and hence after some
time the vibrations (or) oscillations will die. This type of oscillation is
said to be a damped oscillation. In
this oscillation (or) vibration, the body vibrates with its natural frequency.
Examples:
1.
When a Pendulum is displaced from its equilibrium position, it oscillates with
a decreasing amplitude and finally it come to rest.
2.
If a mass its suspended in a spring and is set into vibration in air, it will
take long time to come to rest, when compared to the same mass set into
vibration in water.
3. Forced Oscillation
There
are situations in which we need to give external force for the oscillations to
sustain. This type of oscillation in which the body vibrates with a frequency
other than natural frequency due to the external force applied in equal
interval of time is called Forced
Oscillation.
Examples:
1.
A Tuning fork set into vibration due to external force.
2.
A floor vibrating due to Marching of soldiers.
3.
A bob of simple Pendulum held in hand and then given number of swings by the
hand.
Note :
The differential equation and its solutions for damped and forced oscillator is
given in Appendix ‒ 1
Applied Physics I: Chapter 4: Oscillations and Waves : Tag: Applied Physics : Definition, Examples - Free, Forced and Damped Oscillations
Applied Physics I: Chapter 4: Oscillations and Waves
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