Introduction of Nano Devices

Applied Physics CSIE II

Chapter 3

NANO DEVICES

INTRODUCTION

Nanoscience and nano technology refer to the control and manipulation of matter at nanometer dimensions.

Chemically synthesized nanostructures have been used at various stages of civilization.

Metallic gold, when divided into fine particles from sizes of 10‒500 nm particles, can be suspended in water.

In the Indian medical system called Ayurveda, gold is used in several preparations. One popular preparation is called 'Saraswatharishtam prescribed for memorry enhancement. According to Robert Floyd Curl, Jr., Noble prize winner in chemistry in 1996, Indian Craftsmen used nanotechnology in wootz steel as well as in paintings. More specifically Carbon nanotubes, first announced by Russian Scientists in 1952, was found in the sword of Tipu sultan as well as in Ajanta paintings.

The current growth of technology suggests that reductions are needed in the dimensions of devices and active materials. The pentium of 1993, used a 800nm technology which consists of 3,100,000 transistors per square inch on Integrated circuits. The pentium 4 "prescott" of 2004, used a 90nm technology which consists of 125,000,000 transistors per square inch on integrated circuits. Extensive Research is going on to reduce the dimension further.

Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. Nano electronics are sometimes considered as disruptive technology because present candidates are significantly different from traditional transistors.

In this chapter, we will discuss about the electronic properties of bulk materials, quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dots, single electron transitor and Carbon nano tubes.