Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 5: Batteries
Alkaline Battery
Description, Construction, Working, Cell Reactions, Advantages and Disadvantages, Uses | Primary Battery
Alkaline battery is an improved form of a dry cell.
Alkaline Battery -
PRIMARY
BATTERIES
Alkaline battery is an
improved form of a dry cell.
Description
Anode:
Zinc
Cathode:
Carbon rod (graphite)
Electrolyte:
(Zn powder + KOH + MnO2 + Starch + H2O) paste
Emf:
1.5 V
An alkaline battery
consists of a zinc cylinder filled with an electrolyte consisting of powdered
Zn, KOH and MnO2 in the form of paste using starch and water. A
carbon rod (graphite), acts as cathode, is immersed in the electrolyte in the
centre of the cell. The outside cylinderical zinc body acts as anode.
Cell Reactions
At
anode: Zn(s) + 2OH‒(aq) → Zn(OH)2(s)
+ 2e‒
At
cathode: 2MnO2(s) + H2O(l) + 2e‒ → Mn2O3(s)
+ 2OH‒(aq)
Overall
Cell Reaction
Zn (s) + 2MnO2 (s) + H2O
(l) → Zn(OH)2 (s) + Mn2O3
(s)
In cathode reaction, Mn
is reduced from +4 oxidation state to +3 oxidation state.
The emf of the cell is 1.5 V.
Advantages and Disadvantages of alkaline battery
Advantages
The main advantages of
alkaline battery over dry battery are
(i) Zinc does not
dissolve readily in a basic medium.
(ii) The life of
alkaline battery is longer than the dry battery, because there is no corrosion
on Zn.
(iii) Alkaline battery
maintains its voltage, as the current is drawn from it.
Disadvantages
(i) Alkaline batteries
have relatively high internal resistance.
(ii) Poor high‒drain
performance (i.e., Short runtimes)
(iii) Sudden voltage
drop is the main problem
(iv) As it is bulkier,
not suitable for small compact electronics.
(v) During discharge,
gas generates inside, which increase internal pressure
Uses
It is used in calculators,
watches etc.,
Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 5: Batteries : Tag: Applied Chemistry : Description, Construction, Working, Cell Reactions, Advantages and Disadvantages, Uses | Primary Battery - Alkaline Battery
Applied Chemistry I: UNIT 5: Batteries
Under Subject
Applied Chemistry I
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