Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 7: Basics of Power Systems
Earth Resistance
Earthing | Power Systems
The earth resistance should be kept as low as possible so that the neutral of any electrical system, which is earthed, is maintained almost at the earth potential.
EARTH
RESISTANCE
The earth resistance
should be kept as low as possible so that the neutral of any electrical system,
which is earthed, is maintained almost at the earth potential. The earth
resistance for copper wire is 1 Ω and that of GI wire less than 3 Ω. The
typical value of the earth resistance at large power stations is 0.5 Ω, major
sub‒ stations is 1 Ω, small sub‒stations is 2 Ω and in all other cases 5 Ω.
The resistance of the
earth depends on the following factors
(i) Condition of soil.
(ii) Moisture content
of soil.
(iii) Temperature of
soil.
(iv) Depth of electrode
at which it is embedded.
(v) Size, material and
spacing of earth electrode.
(vi) Quality and
quantity of coal, and salt in the earth pit.
Difference Between Earth Wire and Neutral Wire
Neutral Wire
(i) In a 3‒phase 4‒wire
system, the fourth wire is a neutral wire.
(ii) It acts a return
path for 3‒phase currents when the load is not balanced.
(iii) In domestic
single phase AC circuit, the neutral wire acts as return path for the line
current.
Earth Wire
(i) Earth wire is
actually connected to the general mass of the earth and metallic body of the
equipment
(ii) It is provided to
transfer any leakage current from the metallic body to the earth.
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 7: Basics of Power Systems : Tag: Basic Engineering : Earthing | Power Systems - Earth Resistance
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 7: Basics of Power Systems
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