Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 1: Basic Electronics
Classification of Semiconductor
1. Intrinsic semiconductor 2. Extrinsic Semiconductor: (i) n‒type semiconductor (ii) p‒type semiconductor
CLASSIFICATION
OF SEMICONDUCTOR
1. Intrinsic semiconductor
A pure semiconductor is
called intrinsic semiconductor. At the room temperature, the valance electrons
may acquire sufficient energy to enter the conduction band to form free
electrons. Under the influence of the electricfield, these electrons constitute
electric current.
2. Extrinsic Semiconductor
Pure silicon or
germanium (intrinsic semiconductor) has little use except in the manufacture of
heat and light sensitive resistance. The process of adding impurity to a pure
semiconductor is called doping. The characteristics of semiconductor materials
can be significantly altered by doping impurity atoms into relatively pure
semiconductor. The added impurity is called dopant and its presence in crystal
can significantly change the electrical properties of the material. A doped
semiconductor is called extrinsic semiconductor. There are two types of
extrinsic semiconductor: n‒type and p‒type.
(i) n‒type semiconductor
The n‒type
semiconductor is formed by doping pentavalent impurity atoms like arsenic,
antimony or phosphorus at a very low level in silicon/germanium. This process
creates excess unbond electrons in conduction band.
(ii) p‒type semiconductor
A small amount of
trivalent impurities such as aluminium or boron is added into the pure
semiconductor to get the p‒type semiconductor. The impurity atoms that accept
the electrons from valance band creating holes are called acceptor atoms.
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 1: Basic Electronics : Tag: Basic Engineering : - Classification of Semiconductor
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 1: Basic Electronics
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