Applied Physics CSIE II: UNIT IV: Quantum Computing
Concent of Quantum Gate (single and multiple qubits)
A quantum gate is a basic quantum circuit, operating with a small number of qubits and are the building blocks of quantum circuits.
CONCENT OF QUANTUM GATE
(SINGLE AND MULTIPLE QUBITS)
Concept
We
know that the classical logic gates are the building blocks of digital
circuits.
Similarly,
a quantum gate is a basic quantum circuit, operating with a small number of
qubits and are the building blocks of quantum circuits.
Explanation
In
quantum circuits, gates are mathematically represented as transformation
matrices or linear operators that must be unitary. This required condition
because the normalization of a wave function must be equal to 1 at all times.
Unitary transformations preserve the normalization.
Each
unitary transformation U has an inverse transformation
U‒1 = U+
Where
U+ is the conjugate of U.
Thus,
the quantum logic gates are reversible.
All
computations are performed by applying a succession of these unitary matrices
on single or multi‒qubit systems
i.e,
(i)
A single qubit is represented as a 2×1 matrix,
(ii)
2 qubits are represented as a 4×1 matrix and
(ii)
3 qubits are represented as a 8 × 1 matrix.
If
a gate acts on a single qubit then it is called as single qubit gate.
Similarly, if a gate act on 2 qubits it is called as a 2‒qubit gate and a 3‒qubit
gate can also be designed in a similar manner.
Applied Physics CSIE II: UNIT IV: Quantum Computing : Tag: Applied Physics : - Concent of Quantum Gate (single and multiple qubits)
Applied Physics CSIE II: UNIT IV: Quantum Computing
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