Applied Physics CSIE II: UNIT IV: Quantum Computing
Quantum bits (or) Qubits
Definition, Explanation
A qubit (quantum bit) is the basic unit of information in quantum computing. A qubit uses the quantum mechanical phenomena of super position to achieve a linear combination of two states.
QUANTUM BITS (OR)
QUBITS
Definition
A
qubit (quantum bit) is the basic unit of information in quantum computing. A
qubit uses the quantum mechanical phenomena of super position to achieve a
linear combination of two states.
Explanation
A
classical binary bit can only represent a single binary value such as either 0
or 1, i.e., it can only be in one of two possible states.
A
qubit, however, can be represented as 0, 1, or any portion of 0 and 1 in
superposition of both states, with a certain probability of being 0 and a
certain probability of being 1.
Let
us consider an electron in a hydrogen atom which will be in its ground state as
shown in Fig. 4.1 or in an excited state as shown in Fig. 4.2.
In
classical system, it is assumed that excited state represent |1> and the
ground state represent |0>.
But
in quantum system, the electron will exist in a linear superposition of the
ground and excited state. i.e., it will exist in the ground state (0) with
probability amplitude a and in the excited state (|1>) with probability
amplitude β.
This
type of two‒state quantum system is referred to as a qubit, and its actual
state I can also be any linear combination (or super position) of these states.
Applied Physics CSIE II: UNIT IV: Quantum Computing : Tag: Applied Physics : Definition, Explanation - Quantum bits (or) Qubits
Applied Physics CSIE II: UNIT IV: Quantum Computing
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