Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 5: Induction Motors
Operational Principle of Three Phase Induction Motor
According to the Lenz's law, the direction of rotor currents will be such that they tend to oppose the cause producing them.
PRINCIPLE
OF OPERATION
Consider a portion of 3‒phase
induction motor as shown in Fig. 5.11. The operation of the induction motor can
be explained as below:
When the 3‒phase stator
windings are fed by a 3‒phase supply, a rotating magnetic field is set up which
rotates the stator at synchronous speed Ns = 120 f/p,
The rotating field
passes through the air gap and cuts the rotor conductors, which as yet, are
stationary. Due to the relative speed between the rotating flux and the
stationary rotor, emfs are induced in the rotor conductors. Since the rotor
circuit is short‒circuited, current start flowing in the rotor conductors.
The current carrying
rotor conductors are placed in the magnetic field produced by the stator.
Consequently, mechanical force acts on the rotor conductors. The sum of the
mechanical forces on all the rotor conductors produces a torque which tends to
move the rotor in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field.
According to the Lenz's
law, the direction of rotor currents will be such that they tend to oppose the
cause producing them. In this case, the cause which produces rotor current is
the relative velocity between the rotating flux of the stator and the
stationary rotor conductors. Hence to reduce the relative speed, the rotor
starts running in the same direction as that of the flux and tries to catch up
with the rotating flux.
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 5: Induction Motors : Tag: Basic Engineering : - Operational Principle of Three Phase Induction Motor
Basic Electronics and Electrical Engineering: Chapter 5: Induction Motors
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