Computer Programming C: UNIT I: Introduction to C
Structure of a 'C' Program
A 'C' program may contain one or more sections given below.
STRUCTURE OF A 'C' PROGRAM
1. STRUCTURE OF A 'C' PROGRAM
Before
going to discuss any specific features of 'C' language, we shall look at the
structure of a 'C' language program. A 'C' program may contain one or more
sections given below.
i) Documentation section:
It consists of a set of comment lines used to specify the name of program, the
author and other details etc.,
ii) Comments:
Comments are very helpful in identifying the program features and underlying logic
of the program. The lines beginning with '/*' and ending with '*/' are known as
comment lines. These are not executable, the compiler is ignored any thing in
between /* and */.
iii) Preprocessor section:
It is used to link system library files, for defining the macros and for
defining the conditional inclusion.
Eg:
#include<stdio.h>, #define A 10, #if def, #endif... etc.
iv) Global Declaration Section:
The variables that are used in more than one function throughout the program
are called global variables and declared outside of all the function i.e.,
before main(). Every 'C' program must have one main() function, which specify
the starting of 'C' program.
The
following figure illustrates the various elements of 'C' program.
The
main() function consists the following two parts.
v) Declaration part:
This part is used to declare all the variables that are used in the executable
part of the program and these are called local variables.
vi) Executable part:
It contains at least one valid 'C' statement. The execution of a program begins
with opening brace '{' and ends with closing brace '}'. The closing brace of
the main function is the logical end of the program.
NOTE:
All the statements in the program end with a semicolon except conditional and
control statements.
2. PROGRAMMING RULES
The
following rules should be followed while writing a 'C' program.
i)
All statements in 'C' program should be written in lower case letters. Upper
case letters are only used for symbolic constants.
ii)
Blank spaces may be inserted between the words. It is not used while declaring
a variable, keyword, constant and function.
iii)
The program statement can be written anywhere between the two braces following
the declaration part.
iv)
The user can also write one or more statements in one line separating them with
a semicolon (;).
Computer Programming C: UNIT I: Introduction to C : Tag: Computer Science : - Structure of a 'C' Program
Computer Programming C: UNIT I: Introduction to C
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